Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review 2022, 58(1): 71-97 | DOI: 10.13060/csr.2022.008
Migration Integration in the Czech Republic: An Analysis of the Priorities the Country Has Set and Its Support for Them
- 1 Fakulta sociálních věd, Univerzita Karlova, Praha
- 2 Sdružení pro integraci a migraci, o. p. s. Přírodovědecká fakulta, Univerzita Karlova, Praha
Perspectives on migrant integration differ by time and place. This article examines this vague concept to shed light on how its evolution over time has shaped the current conceptions of migrant integration in the EU and the Czech Republic. It describes the situation in the Czech Republic and the country's normative goals in the field of migrant integration. While the country has explicit integration priorities in place, there is no evaluation of their fulfilment. The article explores whether these priorities are indeed fulfilled and from what sources by analysing a unique dataset of 3061 projects in the field of migrant integration. All these projects were implemented in the Czech Republic between 2010 and 2019. The results show that although funding for migrant integration has increased since 2016, even taking into account the long-term increase in the number of migrants in the Czech Republic, funding in support of these priorities is allocated very unevenly. European funding remains crucial. Among the most supported priorities is knowledge of the Czech language and education. There is also some support in the social field. By contrast, the issues of discrimination, equal rights, foreign nationals' access to health care, and the development of professional skills receive hardly any support. The results thus show a discrepancy between the priorities that have been set and their fulfilment, especially in the area of activities targeting the majority society and its institutions. The declared two-sidedness to the process of integration process thus remains a somewhat unsupported vision.
Keywords: integration, migration, governance, transnationalism, evaluation
Received: November 30, 2020; Revised: January 25, 2022; Accepted: January 26, 2022; Prepublished online: February 21, 2022; Published: March 8, 2022 Show citation
| ACS | AIP | APA | ASA | Harvard | Chicago | Chicago Notes | IEEE | ISO690 | MLA | NLM | Turabian | Vancouver |
References
- Algan, Y., Ch. Dustmann, A. Glitz, A. Manning. 2010. "The Economic Situation of First and Second-Generation Immigrants in France, Germany and the United Kingdom." The Economic Journal 120 (542): F4-F30, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2009.02338.x.
Go to original source... - Alba, R. D., V. Nee. 2003. Remaking the American Mainstream: Assimilation and Contemporary Immigration. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.4159/9780674020115.
Go to original source... - Bertossi, Ch. 2011. "National Models of Integration in Europe: A Comparative and Critical Analysis." American Behavioral Scientist 55 (12): 1561-1580, https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764211409560.
Go to original source... - Bilgili, O., I. Agimi. 2015. Supporting immigrant integration in Europe : what role for origin countries' subnational authorities? [online]. Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies (RSCAS). Dostupné z: https://cadmus.eui.eu/handle/1814/34944.
- Brubaker, R. 1992. Citizenship and nationhood in France and Germany. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Go to original source... - Caponio, T., A. Hunter, S. Verbeek. 2015. "(De)Constructing Expertise: Comparing Knowledge Utilization in the Migrant Integration 'Crisis'." Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice 17 (1): 26-40, https://doi.org/10.1080/13876988.2014.889902.
Go to original source... - Castles, S., M. Korac, E. Vasta, S. Vertovec. 2002. Integration: Mapping the Field [online]. Oxford: Centre on Migration, Policy, and Society and Refugee Studies Centre. Dostupné z: http://www.blink.org.uk/docs/mapping_the_field.pdf.
- Castles, S., M. J. Miller. 2009. The Age of Migration: International Population Movements in the Modern World. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
- ČSÚ. 2020. "Cizinci: počet cizinců." Český statistický úřad [online]. [cit. 7. 11. 2020]. Dostupné z: https://www.czso.cz/csu/cizinci/cizinci-pocet-cizincu.
- Dobiášová K., M. Kotrusová. 2020. "Potřebujeme je, chceme jim pomoci nebo se jich bojíme? Jak jsou v České republice rámovány rodiny imigrantů." Sociológia - Slovak Sociological Review 52 (1): 24-50, https://doi.org/10.31577/sociologia.2020.52.1.2.
Go to original source... - Doomernik, J., M. Bruquetas-Callejo. 2016. "National Immigration and Integration Policies in Europe Since 1973." Pp. 57-76 in G. Garcés-Mascareñas, R. Penninx (eds.). Integration Processes and Policies in Europe: Contexts, Levels and Actors. IMISCOE Research Series. Cham: Springer International Publishing, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21674-4_4.
Go to original source... - Drbohlav, D., O. Valenta. 2014. "Czechia: the main immigration country in the V4." Pp. 41-71 in Discovering migration between Visegrad countries and Eastern Partners. Budapest: HAC RCAES Geographical Institute.
- Duyvendak, J. W., P. Scholten, M. Bassi. 2009. "Le 'modèle multiculturel' d'intégration néerlandais en question." Migrations Societe 122 (2): 77-106, https://doi.org/10.3917/migra.122.0077.
Go to original source... - Erdal, M. B., C. Oeppen. 2013. "Migrant Balancing Acts: Understanding the Interactions between Integration and Transnationalism." Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 39 (6): 867-884, https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2013.765647.
Go to original source... - Eurostat. 2018. "Migration and migrant population statistics." Eurostat Statistics Explained [online]. [cit. 10. 11. 2020]. Dostupné z: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Migration_and_migrant_population_statistics.
- Evropská komise. 2011. European Agenda for the Integration of Third Country Nationals. Brussels: European Comission. COM (2011).
- Ewijk, E. van. 2013. Between local governments and communities: Knowledge exchange and mutual learning in Dutch-Moroccan and Dutch-Turkish municipal partnerships. Ph.D. dissertaion. Amsterodam: University of Amsterodam.
- Favell, A. 2005. "Europe's Identity Problem." West European Politics 28 (5): 1109-1116, https://doi.org/10.1080/01402380500311863.
Go to original source... - Fossati, F., F. Liechti. 2020. "Integrating Refugees through Active Labour Market Policy: A Comparative Survey Experiment." Journal of European Social Policy 30 (5): 601-615, https://doi.org/10.1177/0958928720951112.
Go to original source... - Garcés-Mascareñas, B., R. Penninx (eds.). 2016. Integration Processes and Policies in Europe. IMISCOE Research Series. Cham: Springer International Publishing, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21674-4.
Go to original source... - González-Ferrer, A., G. Morales. 2013. "Do Citizenship Regimes Shape Political Incorporation? Evidence from Four European Cities." European Political Science 12 (4): 455-466, https://doi.org/10.1057/eps.2013.15.
Go to original source... - Goodman, S. W. 2010. "Integration Requirements for Integration's Sake? Identifying, Categorising and Comparing Civic Integration Policies." Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 36 (5): 753-772, https://doi.org/10.1080/13691831003764300.
Go to original source... - Goodman, S. W., M. Wright. 2015. "Does Mandatory Integration Matter? Effects of Civic Requirements on Immigrant Socio-Economic and Political Outcomes." Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 41 (12): 1885-1908, https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2015.1042434.
Go to original source... - Green, E. G. T., E. P. Visintin, O. Sarrasin, M. Hewstone. 2020. "When Integration Policies Shape the Impact of Intergroup Contact on Threat Perceptions: A Multilevel Study across 20 European Countries." Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 46 (3): 631-648, https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2018.1550159.
Go to original source... - Harder, N., L. Figueroa, R. M. Gillum, D. Hangartner, D. D. Laitin, J. Hainmueller. 2018. "Multidimensional Measure of Immigrant Integration." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115 (45): 11483-11488, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1808793115.
Go to original source... - Heckmann, F. 1999. Integration policies in Europe: National differences and/or convergence? European Forum for Migration Studies: Institute at the University of Bamberg.
- Hinger, S., R. Schweitzer (ed.). 2020. Politics of (Dis)Integration. IMISCOE Research Series. Cham: Springer International Publishing, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25089-8.
Go to original source... - Hnilicová H., K. Dobiášová. 2011. "Migrants' Health and Access to Healthcare in the Czech Republic." Central European Journal of Public Health 19 (3): 134-138, https://doi.org/10.21101/cejph.a3657.
Go to original source... - Hřebíčková, M. 2020. "Kulturní orientace Vietnamců v ČR: generační srovnání." Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review 56 (2): 197-227, https://doi.org/10.13060/csr.2020.007
Go to original source... - Jelínková, M. 2019. "A Refugee Crisis Without Refugees: Policy and media discourse on refugees in the Czech Republic and its implications." Central European Journal of Public Policy 13 (1): 33-45, https://doi.org/10.2478/cejpp-2019-0003.
Go to original source... - Joppke, C. 2007. "Beyond National Models: Civic Integration Policies for Immigrants in Western Europe." West European Politics 30 (1): 1-22, https://doi.org/10.1080/01402380601019613.
Go to original source... - Juárez, S. P., H. Honkaniemi, A. C. Dunlavy, R. W. Aldridge, M. L. Barreto, S. V. Katikireddi, M. Rostila. 2019. "Effects of Non-Health-Targeted Policies on Migrant Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." The Lancet Global Health 7 (4): 420-435, https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30560-6.
Go to original source... - Kivisto, P. 2001. "Theorizing Transnational Immigration: A Critical Review of Current Efforts." Ethnic and Racial Studies 24 (4): 549-577, https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870120049789.
Go to original source... - Kofman, E. (ed.). 2000. Gender and international migration in Europe: employment, welfare, and politics. Gender, racism, ethnicity. London; New York: Routledge.
- Kostelecká, Y., D. Hána, J. Hasman. 2017. Integrace žáků-cizinců v širším kontextu. Praha: Univerzita Karlova.
- Leontiyeva, Y. 2014. "The Education-Employment Mismatch among Ukrainian Migrants in the Czech Republic." Central and Eastern European Migration Review 3 (1): 63-84.
- Leontiyeva, Y., B. Tollarová, R. Mikešová. 2017. Analýza postavení migrantů a migrantek na území hl. m. Prahy. Závěrečná zpráva z výzkumu [online]. Dostupné z: http://metropolevsech.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Anal%C3%BDza-postaven%C3%AD-migrant%C5%AF-a-migrantek-2017.pdf.
- Levitt, P., N. Glick Schiller. 2006. "Conceptualizing Simultaneity: A Transnational Social Field Perspective on Society." International Migration Review 38 (3): 1002-1039, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2004.tb00227.x.
Go to original source... - Manatschal, A. V. Wisthaler, Ch. I. Zuber. 2020. "Making Regional Citizens? The Political Drivers and Effects of Subnational Immigrant Integration Policies in Europe and North America." Regional Studies 54 (11): 1475-1485, https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2020.1808882.
Go to original source... - Martinelli, A. 2014. "The multilevel governance of immigrant integration in the European Union." KING Project - Political Science Unit Overview Paper n.3.
- MIPEX. 2020. Migrant Integration Policy Index [online]. [cit. 17. 11. 2020]. Dostupné z: https://www.mipex.eu/.
- Penninx, R. 2009. Decentralising Integration Policies. Managing migration in cities, regions and localities [online]. Policy Network Paper. Dostupné z: http://integratingcities2012.eu/documents/(2009%20-%20Penninx)%20Decentralising%20integration%20policies.pdf.
- Penninx, R., B. Garcés-Mascareñas. 2016. "The Concept of Integration as an Analytical Tool and as a Policy Concept." Pp. 11-29 in B. Garcés-Mascareñas, R. Penninx (eds.). Integration Processes and Policies in Europe: Contexts, Levels and Actors. IMISCOE Research Series. Cham: Springer International Publishing, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21674-4_2.
Go to original source... - Pořízek, P. 2018. "'Lesk a bída' integrace cizinců pohledem vládních koncepcí integrace cizinců." AUC IURIDICA 2018 (2): 49-72, https://doi.org/10.14712/23366478.2018.5.
Go to original source... - Pořízková, H. 2008. Analýza zahraniční zaměstnanosti v České republice; postavení cizinců na trhu práce a podmínky jejich ekonomické integrace. Praha: Výzkumný ústav práce a sociálních věcí.
- Rada EU. 2004. Common Basic Principles for Immigrant Integration Policy in the EU [online]. Dostupné z: https://ec.europa.eu/migrant-integration/librarydoc/common-basic-principles-for-immigrant-integration-policy-in-the-eu.
- Rákoczyová, M., R. Trbola (ed.). 2009. Sociální integrace přistěhovalců v České republice. Praha: Sociologické nakladatelství (SLON).
- Scholten, P. 2013. "The Multilevel Governance of Migrant Integration: A Multilevel Governance Perspective on Dutch Migrant Integration Policies." Pp. 151-169 in U. Korkut et al. (eds.). The Discourses and Politics of Migration in Europe. Europe in Transition: The NYU European Studies Series. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137310903_9.
Go to original source... - Scholten, P. 2018. "Beyond Migrant Integration Policies: Rethinking Urban Governance of Migration-Related Diversity." Hrvatska i komparativna javna uprava 18 (1): 7-30, https://doi.org/10.31297/hkju.18.1.6.
Go to original source... - Scholten, P., E. Collett, M. Petrovic. 2017. "Mainstreaming Migrant Integration? A Critical Analysis of a New Trend in Integration Governance." International Review of Administrative Sciences 83 (2): 283-302, https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852315612902.
Go to original source... - Snel, E., G. Engbersen, A. Leerkes. 2006. "Transnational Involvement and Social Integration." Global Networks 6 (3): 285-308, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0374.2006.00145.x.
Go to original source... - Spencer, S. (ed.). 2003. The Politics of Migration: Managing Opportunity, Conflict and Change. The Political Quarterly. Malden: Blackwell Publishing.
- Spencer, S., B. Cooper. 2006. Social Integration of Migrants in Europe: A Review of the European Literature 2000-2006. Compas Working Paper. Oxford: University of Oxford.
- Stefanska, R. 2011. "Migration and Integration Policy." In P. Kaczmarczyk (ed.). Recent trends in international migration in Poland: The 2010 OECD report. CMR working papers number 51/109. Warsaw: Center for Migration Research.
- Šimon, M. et al. 2020. "Základní trendy rozmístění cizinců v Česku 2008-2015: Rezidenční segregace perspektivou různě velkých individualizovaných sousedství." Urbanismus a územní rozvoj 23 (3): 9-17.
- Thomas, W. I., F. Znaniecki. (1920) 1996. The Polish peasant in Europe and America: a classic work in immigration history. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
- Unterreiner, A., A. Weinar. 2017. "Introduction: Integration as a Three-Way Process." Pp. 1-19 in A. Weinar, A. Unterreiner, P. Fargue. Migrant Integration Between Homeland and Host Society Volume 1. Cham: Springer International Publishing, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56176-9_1.
Go to original source... - Valentová, E. (ed.). 2018. Integrace cizinců v Česku z pohledu nevládních organizací [online]. Konsorcium nevládních organizací pracujících s migranty v ČR. Dostupné z: https://www.migracnikonsorcium.cz/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Integrace-z-pohledu-NNO_produkt-%C4%8D.-2_EU.pdf.
- Van Breugel, I., P. Scholten. 2020. "Governance by Proxy: A Comparative Policy Analysis of the Mainstreaming of Immigrant Integration Governance." Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice 22 (3): 207-225, https://doi.org/10.1080/13876988.2019.1619973.
Go to original source... - Van Wolleghem, P. G. 2019. "Why Implement Without a Tangible Threat? The Effect of a Soft Instrument on National Migrant Integration Policies." Pp. 133-161 in P. G. Van Wolleghem. The EU's Policy on the Integration of Migrants. Cham: Springer International Publishin, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97682-2_5.
Go to original source... - Van Wolleghem, P. G. 2020. "Does Administrative Capacity Matter? The Absorption of the European Fund for the Integration of Migrants." Policy Studies, https://doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2020.1770209.
Go to original source... - Vertovec, S. 2009. Transnationalism. Key ideas. London: Routledge, https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203927083.
Go to original source... - Volante, L., D. Klinger, O. Bilgili (eds.). 2018. Immigrant Student Achievement and Education Policy. Cham: Springer International Publishing, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74063-8.
Go to original source... - Warner, W. L., L. Srole. 1945. The Social Systems of American Ethnic Groups. New Haven: Yale University Press.
- Yuval-Davis, N. 2011. The politics of belonging: intersectional contestations. London: Sage, https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446251041.
Go to original source... - Zincone, G. 2000. "A Model of 'Reasonable Integration': Summary of the First Report onthe Integration of Immigrants in Italy." International Migration Review 34 (3): 956-968, https://doi.org/10.1177/019791830003400312.
Go to original source... - Zogata-Kusz, A. 2020. "Immigration and integration policies in Czechia." Pp. 173-196 in M. Duszczyk, M. Pachocka, D. Pszczółkowska. Relations between Immigration and Integration Policies in Europe. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429263736-10.
Go to original source... - Zwysen, W., N. Demireva. 2020. Who Benefits from Host Country Skills? Evidence of Heterogeneous Labour Market Returns to Host Country Skills by Migrant Motivation. No. 2020-06. ISER Working Paper Series. Institute for Social and Economic Research. Dostupné z: https://www.iser.essex.ac.uk/research/publications/working-papers/iser/2020-06.pdf.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


